One of the hot topics of discussion within the Christian church is concerning the nebulous concept of “the Law”. A lot of well-meaning people hold that “the Law” does not apply to Christians who are under the new covenant and therefore none of its precepts need be applied to Christians.
While this won’t be changing any minds, this post will highlight some concepts to consider in this lengthy discussion.
First, let us define what “the Law” is. According to Jewish tradition, there were seven laws passed down by Noah to his descendants. We can assume that he learned these laws from his grandfather Methuselah, who learned them from his father Enoch, who preached prior to his translation. What do those laws of the Noachide Covenant say?
- Thou shalt not worship graven images
- Thou shalt not curse the name of God
- Thou shalt establish courts of justice
- Thou shalt not kill
- Thou shalt not commit adultery
- Thou shalt not steal
- Thou shalt not eat the flesh torn from a living animal
Some of these might seem very familiar, others might be new to you. For this reason, let us assume that these laws are not considered part of “the Law” that most people shun like the plague. After all, Jeshua reiterated most of those precepts to the rich young ruler (Matthew 19:17-19), so they have to be still valid, right?
Now let’s look at another one that might trigger all of you: the Decalogue, the Big X itself, given twice by God to Moses on Mount Sinai in the 16th or 15th century before the incarnation of our LORD (date uncertain).
The Ten Commandments are considered by many to be “the Law” which is being addressed throughout the New Testament as “being abolished” and which they don’t wish to recognize. I’ve even seen depictions of the tablets of stone where a big crack goes across one commandment in particular while all the others are unmarred and whole. In brief, let us reiterate what the Decalogue says (read it in full in Exodus 20):
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Thou shalt have no other gods before me
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Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
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Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain
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Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
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Honor thy father and thy mother
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Thou shalt not kill
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Thou shalt not commit adultery
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Thou shalt not steal
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Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor
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Thou shalt not covet…any thing that is thy neighbor’s.
Now for most people, there isn’t anything objectively wrong with these (although leftists take issue with the First Commandment and Catholics outright removed the Second Commandment from their version of the Ten Commandments, as it would have condemned their image worship [they split the Tenth Commandment’s second precept of “thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife” off into a separate one to make up the difference]). The latter six is considered to be “applicable”, while, as stated before, there is debate on the first four. But there should be no debate whatsoever. In the preface to the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10), the lawyer reiterates to Jeshua what “the greatest commandment” is, which many have used as a defense for dismissing the entirety of the Ten Commandments. But what exactly was said? Let us see:
And he answering said,
Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy
soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy
neighbor as thyself.
In other parts of the Gospel, this answer is given when Jeshua asks “what is the greatest commandment”, to which He adds the last part. But this is no new concept. Moses, who received the full Law (more on that later) from God, delivers the details on this “new” commandment. The first is the Shema Yisrael, found in the Book of Deuteronomy:
Hear O Israel, Jehovah Our God is One; and thou shalt love Jehovah thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul and with all thy might (paraphrased from Deuteronomy 6:4-5)
And the other, the “commandment that is like the first”, in Leviticus 19:18:
Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.
What we see here is that the “greatest commandment” is nothing new. It has always been there from the time when “the Law” was passed down to Moses by God. A little bit of reading comprehension goes a long way as well. If you step back and look at each of the Ten Commandments, you will begin to notice something: the first four all have to deal with man’s relationship with God (“And thou shalt love the LORD thy God…”), while the latter six have to deal with man’s relationship with his fellow man (“But thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself”).
Therefore, the “greatest commandment” is nothing more than a brief summary of the Ten Commandments (a ‘too lazy:don’t read’ version, if you will).
Another thing which is often referred to when “the Law” is brought up is, of course, the 613 Levitical Laws. With a few exceptions in the Book of Numbers, this “Law” makes up the entirety of the books of Moses (especially Leviticus). Surely God was thorough when He gave these laws to Moses. The specifics of them can be found in Leviticus, ranging from day-to-day activities to yearly festivals. As listing them all would be verbose indeed, I refer you to the Book of Leviticus for further reading.
Many of the Levitical laws are controversial in the modern progressivist world. They view love as a social construct to be deconstructed at will, and therefore find the idea of celibacy prior to marriage repugnant, as well as avoiding single parenthood, sodomy, and bestiality. Despite what you may have heard from liberal lobbyists or atheists with an axe to grind, the Levitical Laws do not promote or allow rape or incest: to the contrary, Jewish tradition holds that the Israelites balked at the Law of Moses for many reasons, among them the prohibition on incest, which they had heretofore practiced.
As for rape, the Levitical Law is actually rather clear: it uses the context of a woman being assaulted “in a field” or “in the city” as a pretext for the case. Now this may seem silly to us, but the idea being that if a woman is being assaulted, she will cry out for herself: if she does so outside the city and therefore cannot be heard and helped, the Levitical Law rules in favor of the woman. In the context of the city, it is assumed that she did not cry out during the crime, and therefore is charged (the Levitical Law protects the woman from assault in the one case, and the man from false accusation in the other). As for the oft-misquoted Law of ‘if a man takes a woman and lies with her, she must marry him’, this must be viewed in the proper context. In a world without government handouts, one lived or died on their own strength and hard-work: being unable to work was a financial burden not only to the family but to the rest of the community. In this light, the Law is not talking about sexual assault (read the above), but the practice of “bang and go”, where a man lies with a woman, she conceives, and then he leaves without providing for and supporting her and her child.
This has been a brief overview of the Levitical Laws.
Now for the two of you still reading along, let’s get down to the meat of our argument. Does this apply to us at all as Christians? Well, for many, the answer is no. They claim that these laws – all of them – apply only to the Jewish people, or quote that passage in Timothy (?) about rules and oblations being “nailed to the cross.” But let’s examine each argument in turn.
The Levitical Law covers quite a bit, not just moral decisions. Like we’ve demonstrated, “love your neighbor as yourself” came from the Levitical Law first, from God’s lips to Moses’ ears. Does this apply only to the Jews, the concept of loving your neighbor? Moreover, the animal sacrifice ordinances are a key part of the Levitical Law. To the Christian, Jeshua fulfilled those when He became “the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sins of the world.” But even this statement by John the Baptist implies that His sacrifice is not merely for the Jews but for the world: therefore the Law must have applied to the world and not merely the Jewish people. But if it only applied to the Jewish people, then is not the Gospel, the good news of Jeshua, only for the Jews? One might consider this absurd from all that has happened since then, but for several years after Jeshua’s ascension, the good news was preached exclusively to the Jews until Peter met with the Roman centurion Cornelius (see Acts 10).
Furthermore, there are several instances in the New Testament which put law-keeping in a regarded position. Jeshua Himself says that “if you love Me, keep My commandments” (John 14:15), that “if you keep My commandments, you shall abide in My love” (John 15:10), and John also says “blessed are they that do His commandments” (Revelation 22:14). For a Christian to say that the Law does not apply to the Christian faith is to live in ignorance to the Bible.